Amendment18C7

= 18th AMENDMENT =

BY: David M, Theresa Q, Kano Y
Essential Question: How do the issues which prompted the creation of the amendments compare with the issues they are applied to today?

DEFINITION
=== The 18th amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, import, and export of alcoholic beverages. The twenty-first amendment repeals this amendment. The 18th amendment was the first amendment ever to be repealed, and cancelled out by another amendment. -TQ ===

** 1.Who wrote it? **
=== The person who drafted the eighteenth amendment was Wayne Bidwell Wheeler. When he wrote the amendment, he wanted prohibition of all alcoholic beverages. He died in 1927, and did not live to see his amendment be repealed. - TQ ===

Source:
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** 2.Why was the amendment written? **
=== By the mid-nineteenth century the temperance campaign against alcohol was becoming much more serious and harsh. At the time aclchohol was a huge business and many people drank alchohol. The amenment was written when it started getting out of hand because many people would drink to much alchohol and because many people started making alchohol at home but much of it was “bad" and brewed by amateurs, doctored with flavors, and sometimes downright poisonous. ===

-DM
Source citation: "Eighteenth Amendment." Constitutional Amendments: From Freedom of Speech to Flag Burning. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: UXL, 2008. Student Resources in Context. Web. 14 Jan. 2015. Document URL []

** 3.When was the 18th amendment proposed? **
=== The amendment was proposed by Congress on December 18, 1917. On January 9, 1919, the amendment was ratified by thirty-nine of forty-eight states. And on May 5, 1922, nine more states ratified it. -KY ===

** 5.Why was this amendment hard to enforce? **
=== This amendment was hard to enforce because bootleggers, rum runners, and speakeasies made a fortune sneaking alcohol to the people. Bootleggers made their own illegal drinks, rum runners imported liquor from neighboring countries, and speakeasies sold liquor underground to the people. It was also hard to enforce because the number of crimes committed increased, and many people didn't want to stop drinking. - TQ ===

Source Citation
"Eighteenth Amendment." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Student Resources in Context. Web. 14 Jan. 2015.



** 7.How did the colonists react to the amendment? **
=== Colonists did not have a positive reaction towards this act. Since many people at the time drank alchohol this was very harsh on them. So colonists would make it themselves and a lot of alcohol was being smuggled across the border of Mexico, Canada, and the Bahamas. That's how the american colonists reacted to this amendment. -DM === "Eighteenth Amendment." Constitutional Amendments: From Freedom of Speech to Flag Burning. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: UXL, 2008. Student Resources in Context. Web. 14 Jan. 2015. Document URL http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=SUIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=SUIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX2639900026&source=Bookmark&u=nysl_me_eastches&jsid=de169da62a420bbaaeec44138f09b407

** 8.Why did so many people dislike the amendment? **
=== So many people disliked the amendment because they didn't want to give up drinking alcoholic beverages. Before the amendment was ratified, people drank alcohol for every possible occasion, now they couldn't because it was banned. People started protesting, and that lead to the amendment being repealed. -TQ ===

Source Citation
"Eighteenth Amendment." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Student Resources in Context. Web. 16 Jan. 2015.



** 9.Why was the amendment repealed? **
=== The amendment was repealed because it was getting too hard to enforce. At the time when the amendment was written too many people were making it at home and too much alcohol was being smuggled. Since the amendment was almost impossible to enforce the amendment was repealed. -DM ===

"Eighteenth Amendment." Constitutional Amendments: From Freedom of Speech to Flag Burning. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: UXL, 2008. Student Resources in Context. Web. 14 Jan. 2015. Document URL http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=SUIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=SUIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX2639900026&source=Bookmark&u=nysl_me_eastches&jsid=de169da62a420bbaaeec44138f09b407

** 10.Why was the 21st amendment written? **
=== The 21st amendent was written to repeal the 18th amendment. The 18th amendment was the first amendment ever to be cancelled out by another amendment. The 21st amendment says that the 18th amendment is repealed, and alcohol was not prohibited anymore. Since the 18th amendment was so hard to enforce, and so many people disagreed with it, the amendment became repealed as soon as the 21st amendment was ratified. - TQ ===

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Source Citation: "Eighteenth Amendment." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Student Resources in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2015. Document URL http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=SUIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=SUIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ1667500200&source=Bookmark&u=nysl_me_eastches&jsid=b4386390d91049eacd83f8de376f7a49 =====

**Essential question**: How do the issues prompted the creation of the amendment compare with the issues they are applied to today?
==== The issues that prompted the creation of the 18th amendment were much less serious compared to today's issues. In the early 1900's, many people made their own alcohol, and the desire for alcoholic beverages was immense. People were making their own low quality alcohol in underground labs, and people were smuggling it in the country. The 18th amendment prohibited the manufacturing, selling, importing, exporting, and transporting alcohol. Unfortunately, that did not stop the problem. People started smuggling alcohol over the borders, and people became wealthy selling alcohol illegally. Therefore, the amendment became repealed, and alcohol became legal once again. Today's issues with alcohol are much more serious than in the early 1900's. Today's issues include drunk driving and underage drinking. According to the websites listed below, 31% of all traffic deaths in the year 2013 was from drinking and driving. Underage drinking is a very serious problem in the U.S. According to the websites, by age 15, half of all teens have tasted alcohol. Approximately 5,000 people under the age 21 die each year from alcohol-related car crashes, homicides, suicides, and alcohol poisoning. In conclusion, the issues in the early 1900's were not as serious as today's issues in alcohol addiction. - TQ ====

Sources: [] []

[] [|http://www.flask.com/20-fun-facts-you-didnt-know-about-alcohol/#.VL0gKVhARpg]
 * For FUN FACTS click here- **

Theresa's current event:
[]
 * Driving under the influence of alcohol is one of the most deadliest crimes. It is usually referred to as the term "drunk driving". You are considered to be under the influence of alcohol if your blood alcohol content is 0.8 or higher. Most people who drink and drive do not usually think of the consequences of their actions. Research shows that driving performance, and reaction times are affected by alcohol. Alcohol also causes side effects like sleeplessness, impaired memory, and impaired judgment. Drinking and driving does not only put the driver in danger, but every other driver on the road in danger as well. Young adults have the highest alcohol consumption than other age groups, and the growing awareness of alcohol hazards has made them start watching their drinking habits. Surveys show that there has been a decline in consumption, but the consumption rates are still very high from late teen years to young twenties.**


 * The article contained a lot of facts and information about alcohol, and the dangers of drinking and driving. My reaction to this article was that I was surprised. Since I am a non-driver, I had no idea how dangerous drinking and driving really was, until I read the facts. I was shocked to think about how many deaths occur because of drunk driving. One of the questions I had when I finished reading the article was "What if the 18th amendment was never repealed?" It is incredible to think about how many lives would have been saved.**

=**David's current event:**= http://dmv.ny.gov/tickets/penalties-alcohol-or-drug-related-violations http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/alcohol/short-term-long-term-effects.html


 * Driving while intoxicated is becoming one of the top causes of deaths in America. Or in other terms "drunk driving". The level of impairment depends how much you drink, the amount of food you eat before or while you drink, the length of time you drink, your body** **weight, and your gender. There is no quick method to becoming sober so it is recommended for you to wait until your body absorbs the alcohol. The average rate the body processes alcohol is approximately one hour. Alcohol affects your physical condition in many ways depending on how much you drink. Such as slurred speech, drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea, upset stomaches, headaches, breathing difficulties, distorted vision and hearing, impaired judgment, decreased perception and coordination, unconsciousness, anemia, coma, and also can cause blackouts. Studies show that most people will attempt at operating vehicles which is why "drunk driving" is very dangerous**


 * The two articles i found had lots of information about alcohol. My reaction was surprised because I didn't know a lot about alcohol and drunk driving. Since I don't drive and don't consume alcohol it was shocking to learn about how many people attempt to drink and drive. One f the questions I had was what if the 18th amendment was never repealed? Since many people drink alcohol.**

=**current event- Kano**=

65% of children are died from car accidents involving drunk driver. Many people think that death of children from impaird-driving occur when those drivers' car collided with a car that has children in it. To prevent those type of accidents, the authors of the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest to expand use of sobriety checkpoints, enforce DUI laws and seat belt laws. Also, they suggest increase use of ignition lock and higher price of alcohol. Acording to the Pediatrics report note, 2344 childres under 15 were killed during 2001 to 2010. 1515 of those 2344 children were riding with an impaired driver. During 2001 to 2010, children who got killed by riding with an impaired driver decreased by about 41%. My reaction was surprised because I thought children dies by got strike by impaired driver, like the authors said. Also because of the number of died children. It really surprised me that drunk people kill so many children.

http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-05-06/news/ct-dui-child-victim-study-met-0506-20140506_1_impaired-driver-quinlan-suv